Infants
Developmental characteristics
- Recognizes and looks for familiar voices and sounds
- Explores objects by touching, shaking, banging or mouthing
- Babbles expresively as if talking
- Imitates sounds, facial expressions and actions made by others
Advice
- It is never too early to begin reading to a child. Hearing the rhythm of stories, even as a newborn, is both soothing and important for developing literacy
- If it is too difficult to hold both baby and book, then just tell stories that you know. Use hand motions, facial expressions and baby's toys to "illustrate" your story
- Speak clearly and expressively. Even if they don't understand all the words of a story, you are conveying meaning through emotion
- Repeat sections when the child shows interest
- Ask questions about the story. (ex: What color is that house? What does a cow say?) Even if the child cannot respond to you, they are learning when they are expected to respond
- Babies will want to experience a book with all senses. Make sure to have at least one board book that they can touch, pull at or even stick in their mouth
- Choose books with bright, clear pictures
- Look for stories with rhyme and repetition
- Stop when baby cues that they have had enough. Better short and sweet than a long experience that neither of you will want to repeat
Themes
Toddlers
Developmental characteristics
- Dances or bounces to music
- Likes to place objects inside of one another
- Interested in picture books
- Enjoys an audience and applause
Advice
- Make sure to talk about the book as well as the story (Where is the cover? title page? beginning and end of the story?)
- Read the same books again and again, if asked
- Read slowly so the toddler can make sense of what's happening in a story
- Vary your voice to fit the characters and plot
- Use puppets and other props related to the story
- Repeat interesting words and phrases
- Stop often to comment, ask questions, and look closely at the illustrations
- Encourage a toddler to join in: turn pages, name things in pictures, make sounds, repeat rhymes and phrases, and think about what might happen next
- Talk about the pictures and point out details a toddler might miss
- Talk about the story and how it relates to a toddler's real life experiences
Themes
Preschoolers
Developmental characteristics
- Seeks attention and approval from adults
- Enjoys helping with simple household tasks
- Enjoys playing house and/or imitating other children and adults
- Enjoys hearing stories about self
Advice
- Snuggle with your child with her favorite blanket or toys as you read
- Emphasize rhythms and rhymes in stories. Give your preschooler opportunities to repeat rhyming phrases
- Encourage the child to react to and comment on the story
- Elaborate on the text to help the child understand the language and critical story components
- Ask the child to make predictions
- Be careful not to disrupt the flow of the story. It is often best to read the story through once with few interruptions to keep the meaning intact and then have a discussion during the second reading
- Look for books that are about things that interest your preschooler. For example, does your child like cars, insects or animals?
- Help the child make connections between events in the story and their own lives; or make connections with another book read previously
- Tell the child a "me" story, about a child like them who has a fanciful adventure. Weave their name and the details of their life into the story
- Give your child a chance to choose his own books for reading. If your child chooses a book that is too long to hold his attention, read some pages and skip some, discussing the pictures and how they relate to the story
- Set a good example as a reader - read every day at home even if it is a magazine or newspaper
Themes